Driven by public services and investments, the Cameroonian economy shows solid growth. But rising prices continue to weigh on household purchasing power.
The Cameroonian economy grew by 4.2% in 2025, according to the latest data published by the National Institute of Statistics (INS). A slightly improved performance compared to the previous year, mainly supported by the vitality of the tertiary sector and the continuation of major infrastructure projects.
In detail, services contribute more than 50% of growth, driven by trade, telecommunications, and financial activities. The secondary sector, notably construction and energy, also shows positive momentum, stimulated by public and private investments. In contrast, agriculture, a traditional pillar of the economy, records more modest growth, hindered by climatic hazards and logistical difficulties.
But this macroeconomic improvement masks a more worrying reality for households. The INS highlights an average inflation of 6.3%, well above the community threshold of 3%. The rise in food prices, particularly cereals, oils, and proteins, is the main driver of this inflation. Transport and energy costs also increase the pressure.
Direct consequence: purchasing power is eroding. In urban centers like Yaoundé and Douala, mandatory expenses take up an increasing share of household budgets. “Growth remains real, but it is little felt by a large segment of the population,” notes the INS in its analysis.
On the public finance front, the budget deficit is contained around 3% of GDP, thanks to increased tax revenue mobilization and expenditure control. Public debt stabilizes at 45% of GDP, a level considered sustainable, although requiring increased vigilance in a context of stricter international financial conditions.
For 2026, prospects remain generally favorable, with growth expected around 4.5%. However, controlling inflation and strengthening agricultural resilience appear as priorities to ensure more inclusive growth.
In the end, the figures reflect a progressing economy, but still facing structural imbalances that authorities will need to address.
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